These distance estimates can be based on the time of flight of the signal , or based on the attenuation of the signal when received by either the mobile unit or the gateways . Trilateration, a type of geometric localization, estimates the distance between the mobile unit and multiple gateways. These types of estimation quickly approach the trilateration technique. If the range increases, the mobile unit can be in communication with multiple gateways, which allows more sophisticated estimation of the mobile unit’s location. The proximity method’s accuracy depends on the range of the communication method. Proximity localization is often used in Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) scenarios, which have a limited range . Proximity localization assumes that a mobile unit is at or near the location of the gateway with which it is connected. Localization based on wireless communication can be split into three categories: proximity geometry, better known as trilateration or triangulation and pattern recognition, also referred to as scene analysis or fingerprinting .
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